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Bacillus filamentosus sp. nov., isolated from sediment sample.

Vidya V Sonalkar1, Rahul Mawlankar, V Venkata Ramana

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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
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A novel aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, Bacillus filamentosus sp. nov., was discovered in Indian marine sediment. This new species, strain SGD-14(T), is distinct from known Bacillus species based on genetic and chemotaxonomic analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Taxonomy
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Marine sediments are rich reservoirs of microbial diversity.
  • The genus Bacillus comprises diverse, often industrially relevant, Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Accurate taxonomic classification is crucial for understanding microbial roles and potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and classify a novel bacterial isolate from marine sediment.
  • To determine the phylogenetic and taxonomic position of strain SGD-14(T).
  • To propose a new species within the genus Bacillus.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and cultivation of aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences.
  • Chemotaxonomic analyses including whole-cell sugars, menaquinone, fatty acids, and phospholipids.
  • DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA G+C content determination.

Main Results:

  • Strain SGD-14(T) exhibited 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bacillus endophyticus.
  • Chemotaxonomic data (sugars, menaquinone MK-7, fatty acids) and DNA-DNA hybridization (<70%) differentiated strain SGD-14(T) from B. endophyticus.
  • DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%.

Conclusions:

  • Strain SGD-14(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus.
  • The proposed name for this new species is Bacillus filamentosus sp. nov.
  • The type strain is SGD-14(T) (=NCIM 5491(T) = DSM 27955(T)).