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Oral health among preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: A case-control study

Rennan Y Du1, Cynthia Ky Yiu1, Nigel M King2

  • 1The University of Hong Kong, China.

Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice
|November 30, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show better oral health, including less tooth decay and healthier gums, compared to their peers without ASD. This study highlights key differences in oral health for children with ASD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting social interaction and communication.
  • Oral health in children with ASD requires specific attention due to potential behavioral and sensory differences.
  • Limited research exists comparing the comprehensive oral health status of preschool children with and without ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and contrast the oral health conditions of preschool children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) against a control group.
  • To identify specific oral health parameters where differences may exist between children with and without ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 347 preschool children with ASD was recruited from specialized centers in Hong Kong.
  • An age- and gender-matched control group was selected from mainstream preschools.
  • Oral health assessments included dental caries, gingival health, tooth wear, malocclusion, dental trauma, and oral mucosal health.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive oral health screening was feasible in 74.1% of children with ASD.
  • Children with ASD demonstrated significantly better gingival health (lower plaque and gingival scores) and lower caries experience (fewer decayed, missing, or filled surfaces).
  • Prevalence of tooth wear, malocclusion, dental trauma, and oral mucosal lesions were comparable between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Preschool children with autism spectrum disorder exhibit distinct oral health profiles compared to neurotypical peers.
  • Children with ASD present with reduced caries experience and improved gingival health.
  • These findings underscore the need for tailored oral health strategies for children with ASD.
Abstract

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderscase-control studiesoral health statuspreschool children

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