Epicardial left ventricular lead for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Marián Fedorco1, Alan Bulava2, Petr Šantavý3
1University Hospital Olomouc, Department of Cardiology, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
Cardiac resynchronization therapy is now recognized as an effective and safe therapeutic modality in heart failure patients and leads to a reduction in mortality and morbidity. Today, transvenous implantation is considered to be the gold standard for lead placement. However, transvenous LV lead implantation fails in 2-10% of patients undergoing the implantation procedure. In these cases surgical LV lead implantation is preferred. The present article reviews LV pacing lead implantation strategies in cases where standard transvenous implantation failed.
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