[Role of imaging in cases of bleeding after spontaneous or induced abortion]

Post-abortum hemorrhage is a common clinical situation and etiological diagnosis has to be made early to avoid further complications such as persistent bleeding, infection or adhesions that may compromise fertility. Retained products of conception are the most common cause of bleeding. The diagnosis is based on endovaginal color doppler ultrasound showing a thickened and hypervascular endometrial echo-complex extending partly to the myometrium. The main differential diagnosis is uterine arteriovenous malformation, mostly iatrogenic. Diagnosis is based on the presence of myometrial confluent cystic lesions filled with turbulent and high velocity arterial flow on endovaginal color doppler ultrasound. The distinction between these two etiologies of post-abortion bleeding is mandatory because of totally different treatment: typically medical and/or surgical in case of retained products of conception and by selective arterial embolization in case of vascular malformation.