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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

[Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome].

Miquel Blasco Pelicano¹, Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba², Josep M Campistol Plana¹

¹Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.

Medicina Clinica

|December 1, 2014

Summary

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) involves complement dysregulation, leading to thrombotic microangiopathy. Understanding these mechanisms aids in early diagnosis and targeted therapies, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Alternative pathway of complement system Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Eculizumab Plasma therapy Síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico Tratamiento plasmático Vía alternativa del complemento

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Optimization of Antigen Preparation for Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay of Newcastle Disease Virus Serology

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Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Immunology
Hematology

Context:

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a condition marked by low platelets, hemolytic anemia, and kidney dysfunction.
Kidney pathology reveals thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) due to endothelial cell injury.
HUS is classified into typical (bacterial-induced) and atypical (aHUS) forms.

Purpose:

To review the clinical entity of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).
To elucidate the role of complement dysregulation in aHUS pathogenesis.
To discuss differential diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for aHUS.

Summary:

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is often linked to complement gene mutations, leading to a worse prognosis and end-stage renal disease.
Recurrence or de novo aHUS can occur post-kidney transplantation.
Complement dysregulation is a key factor in endothelial damage and TMA development in most aHUS cases.

Impact:

Advances in understanding aHUS pathogenesis and novel therapies are transforming its natural history.
Improved diagnostic and etiological treatment strategies are becoming available.
This review provides insights into aHUS diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment options.