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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells
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Pluripotent stem cells for Schwann cell engineering.

Ming-San Ma1, Erik Boddeke, Sjef Copray

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|December 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Schwann cell (SC) tissue engineering offers new avenues for treating nerve diseases and injuries. This review explores methods for generating SCs from stem cells for therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Schwann cells (SCs) are crucial for peripheral nerve function and repair.
  • SC dysfunction is implicated in various neurological diseases.
  • Current limitations exist in obtaining sufficient functional SCs for therapeutic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review in vivo mechanisms of Schwann cell development.
  • To survey current in vitro strategies for generating SCs from pluripotent stem cells.
  • To discuss optimization and safety of SC engineering for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural crest formation and SC differentiation.
  • Analysis of in vitro differentiation protocols for SC generation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Discussion of safety considerations for clinical translation of iPSC-derived SCs.

Main Results:

  • In vivo processes governing SC development are complex, involving neural crest formation and differentiation.
  • Multiple in vitro protocols exist for generating SCs from ESCs and iPSCs.
  • Optimization strategies and safety assessments are crucial for clinical application of engineered SCs.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue engineering of Schwann cells holds significant promise for treating peripheral and central nervous system disorders.
  • Further refinement of in vitro differentiation protocols and rigorous safety evaluations are necessary for clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on enhancing the efficiency and safety of SC engineering for regenerative medicine.