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Upper limb static-stretching protocol decreases maximal concentric jump performance.

Paulo H Marchetti1, Fernando H D de Oliveira Silva1, Enrico G Soares1

  • 1Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program, School of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP) , Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
|December 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Intense upper limb static stretching (SS) can improve shoulder range of motion but negatively impacts jump performance by reducing peak force and altering propulsion duration. Muscle activation in the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius lateralis remains unchanged.

Keywords:
Kinesiologyneuroscienceperformancephysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Static stretching (SS) protocols are common in athletic training.
  • The acute effects of upper limb SS on lower limb explosive performance are not fully understood.
  • Resistance-trained individuals may respond differently to stretching interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of an upper limb static stretching (SS) protocol on maximal concentric jump performance.
  • To analyze changes in vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) and muscle activation (sEMG) following SS.
  • To determine the impact of SS on shoulder range of motion (ROM).

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 25 young, healthy, resistance-trained males.
  • Participants performed maximal concentric jumps before and after an extensive upper limb SS protocol (10 stretches, 30s each).
  • Measurements included vGRF, sEMG of gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and vastus lateralis (VL), and shoulder ROM.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in passive shoulder ROM was observed post-SS (p < 0.001).
  • The stretched group showed decreased peak jump force (p = 0.021) and increased peak propulsion duration (p = 0.024).
  • No significant changes in sEMG amplitude for VL and GL muscles were found between groups or conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Acute, extensive upper limb SS can enhance shoulder ROM.
  • This stretching protocol may negatively influence maximal concentric jump performance, affecting force production and propulsion timing.
  • SS did not significantly alter muscle activation in the lower limb muscles studied.