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Related Concept Videos

GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

10.4K
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays
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Comparing the Affinity of GTPase-binding Proteins using Competition Assays

Published on: October 8, 2015

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Small GTPase Ran and Ran-binding proteins.

Masahiro Nagai, Yoshihiro Yoneda

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |December 2, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Ran system, a molecular switch in cells, regulates key functions and is increasingly linked to cancer development. Understanding its role in cell fate determination offers insights into tumorigenesis and cancer biology.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Ran is a small GTPase acting as a molecular switch, cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound states.
    • Ran and its binding proteins regulate fundamental cellular processes like nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitotic spindle assembly.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent findings on the Ran system's involvement in cell fate determination.
    • To explore the functional link between the Ran system and tumorigenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent studies on the Ran system and cancer.
    • Analysis of the role of Ran GTPase and its binding proteins in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death.

    Main Results:

    More Related Videos

    Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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    Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
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    Related Experiment Videos

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    Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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    Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
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  • Ran system proteins are implicated in cell death, proliferation, differentiation, and malignant transformation.
  • The Ran system plays a critical role in controlling cellular functions relevant to cancer development.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Ran system is a significant factor in cell fate determination and is linked to tumorigenesis.
    • Further understanding of the Ran system provides molecular insights into cancer biology.