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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
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Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions detected by transcriptome sequence analysis in twins.

Alfonso Buil1, Andrew Anand Brown2, Tuuli Lappalainen3

  • 11] Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. [2] Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [3] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nature Genetics
|December 2, 2014
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Summary

Genetic and environmental factors significantly influence allele-specific expression (ASE), a key component of gene expression. Gene interactions (G×G) and gene-environment interactions (G×E) play crucial roles in modulating ASE effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding gene expression is crucial for deciphering complex disease genetics.
  • Allele-specific expression (ASE) measurement is enhanced by RNA sequencing.
  • The causes of ASE, particularly the influence of genetic and environmental factors, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to allele-specific expression (ASE).
  • To investigate the roles of gene × gene (G×G) and gene × environment (G×E) interactions in ASE.
  • To propose a comprehensive model for ASE determination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a twin study design to assess genetic and environmental influences on ASE.
  • Employed RNA sequencing for precise gene expression quantification and ASE measurement.
  • Developed a model to estimate the contributions of cis and trans genetic effects, as well as environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified substantial contributions from gene × gene (G×G) interactions to ASE.
  • Found significant effects of gene × environment (G×E) interactions on ASE.
  • Demonstrated that while cis genetic variability is necessary for ASE, trans factors and environmental interactions modulate its magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • ASE is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
  • G×G and G×E interactions are critical determinants of ASE.
  • A refined model highlights the necessity of cis genetic variation and the modulatory role of trans factors and environmental influences on ASE.