Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 20, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
Published on: July 2, 2021
Chronic slipping of bilateral distal humeral epiphyses in a gymnastist
Ryo Oda1, Hiroyoshi Fujiwara, Kozo Ichimaru
1Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Abstract:
In children, fracture-separation of the epiphyseal plate near the elbow joint is a common occurrence. However, separation of the distal humeral epiphysis is very rare, and in most cases, it is caused by high-impact trauma. In all reported cases, there has been a clear mechanism of injury. We report a case of an 11-year-old male patient who sustained separation of the distal humeral epiphyses bilaterally after 2 years of gymnastics, without a clear mechanism of injury. This patient had been using the vault since he was 9 years old, although children of that age do not normally perform on the vault. When gymnasts place their hands on the vault with their elbows flexed and subsequently extend their elbows to push off, the biomechanical load is placed equally on the right and left arms. Consequently, this type of repeated stress induces injury to the epiphyseal cartilages bilaterally, resulting in chronic progression of separation of the distal humeral epiphyses.
Related Concept Videos
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Rolling With Slipping
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...

