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Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
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The stomach-brain axis.

Gerald Holtmann1, Nicholas J Talley2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, Translational Research Institute, Faculty for Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The stomach influences brain function and mood through neural and hormonal signals. Disruptions in stomach-brain communication can lead to eating disorders and mood disorders.

Keywords:
Brain-gut interactionsFunctional gastrointestinal disordersInflammationMicrobiomeStomachStress

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Brain-Gut Axis Research
  • Gastrointestinal Physiology

Background:

  • The stomach plays a crucial role in food processing, nutrient sensing, and signaling to the brain.
  • Gastric afferents influence eating behavior, satiety, and mood.
  • The gut microbiome, including Helicobacter pylori, may impact brain function and mood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the bidirectional communication between the stomach and the brain.
  • To investigate how gastric function influences brain activity and behavior.
  • To highlight the potential role of gastric dysfunction and microbiome in mood and eating disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental studies on stomach-brain interactions.
  • Analysis of neural and hormonal signaling pathways from the stomach to the brain.
  • Consideration of brain imaging studies showing differential activation by food ingestion versus nutrient infusion.

Main Results:

  • Food ingestion activates distinct brain regions (thalamus, amygdala, putamen, praecuneus) differently from nutrient infusion (hippocampus, anterior cingulate).
  • Gastric afferents transmit signals related to palatability, satiety, and fullness, influencing eating behavior and mood.
  • Gastric dysfunction and alterations in the gastric microbiome are potential risk factors for mood and eating disorders.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant and established link between the stomach and the brain, affecting gastric function, eating behavior, and mood.
  • Disturbances in stomach-brain communication can manifest as functional gastrointestinal disorders, altered satiety, and mood disturbances.
  • Targeting the gastroduodenum offers potential for novel therapies for obesity, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and mood disorders.