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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

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Superior laryngeal nerve block: an anatomical study comparing two techniques.

David Jeffrey Canty1, Laurence Poon2

  • 1Senior Lecturer, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Level 6 Centre for Medical Research, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Corner Royal Parade and Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The anterior and posterior approaches to the superior laryngeal nerve block demonstrated equal success rates in cadaveric studies. This finding suggests a comparable efficacy for both techniques in anatomical dissections.

Keywords:
Anesthesia localLaryngeal nervesNerve blockPatient simulationSimulationSuperior laryngeal nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Techniques

Background:

  • The superior laryngeal nerve block is crucial for procedures involving the larynx.
  • Conventional posterior approaches are well-established but may have limitations.
  • Evaluating alternative anterior approaches could offer procedural benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the success rates of an anterior approach versus a conventional posterior approach for superior laryngeal nerve block.
  • To assess the anatomical accuracy and spread of dye in simulated blocks.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study was conducted in a university anatomy laboratory.
  • Simulated superior laryngeal nerve blocks were performed on 20 human cadavers using aniline blue dye.
  • Two techniques were compared: a conventional posterior approach and a novel anterior approach.

Main Results:

  • Both the anterior and posterior approaches achieved equal success in staining the superior laryngeal nerve and paraglottic space.
  • Forty injections were performed, with no significant difference observed in the outcomes between the two methods.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior approach to superior laryngeal nerve block is as successful as the conventional posterior approach.
  • This study provides anatomical evidence supporting the efficacy of the anterior approach in cadavers.