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Updated: Apr 20, 2026
Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
Published on: July 18, 2014
Long-term results of biventricular repair after initial Giessen hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart variants
Can Yerebakan1, Josephine Murray1, Klaus Valeske1
1Pediatric Heart Center Giessen, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Objective:
This article presents the long-term results of our patients with a diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), hypoplastic left heart complex (HLHC), and variants who received a biventricular repair following hybrid stage I with ductal stenting and bilateral pulmonary artery banding.
Methods:
Between June 1998 and June 2013, a total of 154 patients with hypoplastic left heart structures underwent a hybrid stage I procedure. Forty patients were definitely treated by creating a biventricular circulation. Median age and body weight of patients before hybrid stage I were 8.5 days (2-40) and 3.0 kg (1.6-3.8), respectively. The diagnoses were HLHS with mitral and aortic stenosis (n = 7), HLHC (n = 15), HLHC with interrupted aortic arch (n = 9), critical aortic stenosis with hypoplastic aortic arch (n = 4), imbalanced atrioventricular septal defect with hypoplastic aortic arch (n = 2), double-outlet right ventricle with hypoplastic aortic arch (n = 2), and d-transposition of the great arteries with interrupted aortic arch (n = 1). Median age at the time of biventricular correction was 6.7 months (1.6-13.8). The patients were treated with direct biventricular correction, including repair of intracardiac defects (n = 32), Norwood/Rastelli or Yasui (n = 4), arterial switch (n = 2), Rastelli (n = 1), and Ross-Konno (n = 1) operations with ascending aortic/aortic arch reconstruction.
Results:
All patients survived hybrid stage I. Median survival after biventricular correction is 7.9 years (0.9-14.9). Overall mortality was 10% (4 patients) at 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, and 4 months after biventricular correction, respectively. One patient had to be switched to univentricular circulation and another patient underwent orthotopic heart transplantation 3 and 4 months after biventricular correction, respectively.
Conclusions:
The Giessen hybrid approach is an alternative to the conventional strategy to treat neonates with HLHS, HLHC, and variants. Biventricular repair after hybrid stage I is feasible and can be performed with satisfactory long-term survival.
