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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Masonry walls are subject to slight expansion and contraction due to variations in temperature and moisture. Thermal movement in masonry is relatively straightforward to measure and plan for. On the other hand, moisture movement poses more of a challenge. New clay masonry units typically absorb water and expand over time under normal environmental conditions. Conversely, new concrete masonry units tend to shrink as they lose the excess moisture acquired during their production process.
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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
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Reexamining remodeling.

Hans-Joachim Schäfers1, Alexander Raddatz2, Wolfgang Schmied3

  • 1Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg Saar, Germany; Xanit Hospital Internacional, Malaga, Spain.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Root remodeling is a durable valve-preserving surgery for aortic regurgitation and aneurysm. Careful valve assessment and repair enhance long-term function and reduce reoperation rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Aortic Surgery
  • Valve Repair

Background:

  • Aortic root aneurysm and regurgitation often necessitate surgical intervention.
  • Valve-preserving aortic root replacement techniques aim to maintain native valve function.
  • Root remodeling is one such valve-preserving strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term outcomes of root remodeling over 18 years.
  • To identify predictors of aortic valve durability after root remodeling.
  • To assess the efficacy of root remodeling in patients with aortic regurgitation and aneurysm.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 747 patients undergoing root remodeling (1995-2013).
  • Analysis of aortic valve anatomy (tricuspid, bicuspid, unicuspid) and aneurysm presence.
  • Assessment of concomitant operations and cusp repair techniques, including pericardial patch use.

Main Results:

  • Hospital mortality was 2%; 10-year and 15-year freedom from reoperation was 92% and 91%, respectively.
  • Higher reoperation rates were observed for bicuspid aortic valves compared to tricuspid valves.
  • Aortoventricular junction ≥28 mm and pericardial patch use in cusp repair were significant risk factors for failure.

Conclusions:

  • Root remodeling remains a viable valve-preserving option for aortic root replacement.
  • Careful assessment and correction of aortic valve geometry are crucial for successful outcomes.
  • This technique offers good long-term durability when performed with meticulous attention to valve repair.