Long-term outcomes of wedge resection for pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules

We aimed to characterize ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules and evaluate the prognosis of clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma with GGO nodules after wedge resection.

Patients who underwent wedge resection for early stage lung cancer and proven adenocarcinoma on postoperative pathologic report were enrolled in the study between 2004 and 2010. Radiologic findings of the main tumor were evaluated for ground-glass opacities with chest computed tomography (CT). We divided patients into two groups based on the consolidation-to-tumor ratio (C/T ratio ≤ 0.25, pure GGO group; C/T ratio > 0.25, mixed GGO group). Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were analyzed for all patients.

A total of 97 patients were included in our study. Among these, 71 patients were categorized into the pure GGO group and 26 patients into the mixed GGO group. The 5-year overall survival rate was 98.6% in the pure GGO group and 95.5% in the mixed GGO group (p = 0.663). Five patients (5.1%) experienced recurrences; only 1 patient (1/71, 1.4%) in the pure GGO group and 4 patients (4/26, 15.3%) in the mixed GGO group had recurrence.

GGO-dominant clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (pure GGO group) showed an excellent prognosis. Wedge resection should be carefully considered for patients with mixed GGO nodules (C/T ratio >0.25) because of the high recurrence rate. Radiologic noninvasiveness (C/T ratio ≤ 0.25) might be a good indicator for candidates for sublobar resection in cases of early stage lung adenocarcinoma.