DNA looping generated by DNA bending protein IHF and the two domains of lambda integrase

The multiprotein-DNA complexes that participate in bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination were used to study the combined effect of protein-induced bending and protein-mediated looping of DNA. The protein integrase (Int) is a monomer with two autonomous DNA binding domains of different sequence specificity. Stimulation of Int binding and cleavage at the low affinity core-type DNA sites required interactions with the high affinity arm-type sites and depended on simultaneous binding of the sequence-specific DNA bending protein IHF (integration host factor). The bivalent DNA binding protein is positioned at high affinity sites and directed, by a DNA bending protein, to interactions with distant lower affinity sites. Assembly of this complex is independent of protein-protein interactions.