Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach
Published on: August 26, 2013
Bone morphogenetic proteins: indications and uses
Christopher Bibbo1, Jonas Nelson2, David Ehrlich3
1Department of Orthopaedics, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, USA; Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 10 Penn Tower, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Abstract:
The BMPs are a group of growth factors that have varied roles in the development and maintenance of many organ systems. Several of the BMPs have osteogenic potential, and exert their effects via complex and highly regulated pathways. At present, only rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 are available for clinical use, but only rhBMP-2 is readily available, and from a practical standpoint is considered the only commercially available BMP. Only a few studies exist on BMP use in foot and ankle surgery, but these have shown promising results with low complication rates. BMP is an adjuvant to bone healing,and does not substitute for structural bone needs. In addition, rhBMP-2 outside spinal fusions is considered to be US Food and Drug Administration off-label, and should be used only in patients who are at high risk for bone healing problems.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Remodeling and Repair
Bone Remodeling
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

