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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction
Published on: January 29, 2019
GD2-targeted immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy
Konstantin Dobrenkov1, Nai-Kong V Cheung1
1Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Abstract:
Ganglioside GD2 is a tumor-associated surface antigen found in a broad spectrum of human cancers and stem cells. They include pediatric embryonal tumors (neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma), as well as adult cancers (small cell lung cancer, melanoma, soft tissue sarcomas). Because of its restricted normal tissue distribution, GD2 has been proven safe for antibody targeting. Anti-GD2 antibody is now incorporated into the standard of care for the treatment of high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma. Building on this experience, novel combinations of antibodies, cytokines, cells, and genetically engineered products all directed at GD2 are rapidly moving into the clinic. In this review, past and present immunotherapy trials directed at GD2 will be summarized, highlighting the lessons learned and the future directions.
Insights
Ganglioside GD2 is a target for cancer immunotherapy. Anti-GD2 antibodies are effective in treating neuroblastoma and other cancers, with new therapies rapidly advancing.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Ganglioside GD2 is a surface antigen prevalent in various pediatric and adult cancers.
- Its limited expression in normal tissues makes it a safe target for immunotherapies.
- Anti-GD2 antibody therapy is a standard treatment for high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review past and present immunotherapy trials targeting Ganglioside GD2.
- To highlight key findings and lessons learned from these trials.
- To discuss future directions for GD2-targeted therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing clinical trial data for GD2-targeted immunotherapies.
- Analysis of treatment outcomes and safety profiles.
- Synthesis of information on novel therapeutic combinations.
Main Results:
- GD2-targeted therapies have shown efficacy, particularly in neuroblastoma.
- The safety profile of GD2 targeting is favorable due to restricted normal tissue expression.
- Emerging therapies involve combinations of antibodies, cytokines, and cellular products.
Conclusions:
- Ganglioside GD2 is a validated and promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
- Ongoing research is focused on novel combinations and advanced therapeutic strategies.
- Further clinical trials are essential to optimize GD2-targeted treatment regimens.
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