Arabidopsis thaliana ICE2 gene: phylogeny, structural evolution and functional diversification from ICE1
Amina Kurbidaeva1, Tatiana Ezhova1, Maria Novokreshchenova1
1Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
The INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION2 (ICE2) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana provides cold stress tolerance and regulates stomata formation. Evolved from ICE1 via duplication, ICE2 enhances freezing tolerance and influences flowering time.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Molecular Genetics
Background:
- Environmental stress tolerance is vital for organisms.
- Gene duplication drives evolutionary novelty.
- Arabidopsis thaliana ICE1 and ICE2 are MYC-type transcription factors involved in cold response and stomata formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the evolutionary history and functional divergence of ICE2 from ICE1.
- Elucidate ICE2's role in cold stress tolerance, stomata formation, and flowering time.
- Determine the origin and evolutionary trajectory of the ICE2 gene.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis to trace ICE2's evolutionary path.
- Analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing ICE2.
- Examination of cis-acting elements in the ICE2 promoter sequence.
Main Results:
- ICE2 evolved from ICE1 via duplication approximately 17.9 million years ago.
- ICE2 over-expression enhances meristem freezing tolerance by activating CBF1/CBF3 and NCED3 (ABA biosynthesis).
- Sequence diversification in ICE2 includes elements for meristem-specific and defense-related gene expression.
Conclusions:
- ICE2 plays a significant role in cold stress response, stomata development, and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis.
- Sub- and neofunctionalization of the ancestral ICE1 gene led to the evolution of ICE2.
- ICE2 is predicted to be involved in pathogen resistance.
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