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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

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Axillary reverse mapping: five-year experience.

Daniela Ochoa¹, Soheila Korourian², Cristiano Boneti¹

¹Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Little Rock, AR.

|December 3, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) using blue dye helps identify and preserve arm lymphatics during breast cancer surgery. This technique shows promise in reducing the incidence of lymphedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection.

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Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis

Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Lymphedema Research

Background:

Lymphedema is a common complication following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).
Disruption of lymphatic drainage pathways during these procedures is a primary cause of secondary lymphedema.
Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a technique hypothesized to mitigate lymphatic disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) in identifying and preserving lymphatic drainage of the arm during ALND and SLNB.
To assess the impact of ARM on the incidence of lymphedema post-surgery.

Main Methods:

A prospective study of 360 patients undergoing SLNB and/or ALND.
ARM involved injecting blue dye into the upper extremity and identifying lymphatic pathways.
Data collected included lymphatic drainage variations, successful lymphatic preservation, and lymphedema occurrence.

Main Results:

Blue lymphatics were identified in 33.7% of SLNB incisions and 75.4% of ALND.
The lymphedema rate was 1.7% after SLNB and 2.4% after ALND.
ARM successfully identified lymphatic variations and facilitated preservation.

Conclusions:

Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) effectively identifies lymphatic variations in the upper extremity, aiding in their preservation.
The technique is safe, with acceptably low rates of metastases in ARM-identified lymph nodes.
Incorporating ARM into ALND and SLNB procedures may reduce lymphedema rates.