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Related Concept Videos

Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

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The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
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Tongue01:01

Tongue

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The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
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Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

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Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Published on: September 19, 2015

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Cleft lip and palate.

David J Crockett1, Steven L Goudy1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cleft lip and palate are common congenital head and neck malformations affecting quality of life. Comprehensive evaluation and a multidisciplinary team approach are essential for optimal care and treatment of affected children.

Keywords:
Cleft lipCleft lip repairCleft palateCleft palate repairMultidisciplinary careOrofacial cleftingPalatoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cleft lip and/or palate is the most frequent congenital malformation affecting the head and neck.
  • Orofacial clefting significantly impacts a child's quality of life, necessitating extensive care.
  • Associated conditions include congenital anomalies, developmental delays, neurological disorders, and psychosocial issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline assessment and treatment recommendations for infants with cleft lip and/or palate.
  • To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive evaluation for associated conditions.
  • To highlight the necessity of a multidisciplinary team for coordinated care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current assessment protocols for orofacial clefting.
  • Discussion of treatment strategies for cleft lip and palate.
  • Emphasis on the role of a multidisciplinary team in managing complex cases.

Main Results:

  • Patients require thorough evaluation for co-occurring anomalies and developmental concerns.
  • A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive management.
  • Early and consistent intervention is key to achieving optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of cleft lip and palate demands a holistic, team-based strategy.
  • Addressing medical, developmental, and psychosocial aspects is crucial.
  • This approach optimizes treatment and improves patient quality of life.