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Hydrogen sulfide in signaling pathways.

Beata Olas1

  • 1Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.

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|December 3, 2014
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Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), once deemed toxic, is now recognized for its vital physiological roles as a signaling molecule. This review explores H₂S metabolism, signaling, and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular and nervous systems.

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GarlicGasotransmitterHydrogen sulfideSignaling pathways

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was historically viewed as a toxic gas.
  • Emerging research reveals H₂S's crucial role as an intracellular signaling molecule at low concentrations.
  • It functions similarly to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the metabolism and signaling pathways of hydrogen sulfide.
  • To elucidate the functions of H₂S in the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
  • To explore the therapeutic applications of H₂S, particularly in cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on enzymatic pathways of H₂S synthesis.
  • Analysis of signaling mechanisms involving H₂S.
  • Examination of H₂S's role in physiological and pathological processes.

Main Results:

  • H₂S regulates key cellular processes including the cell cycle, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
  • It acts as a neuromodulator and influences cardiovascular and inflammatory responses.
  • Enzymatic pathways for H₂S synthesis from l- and d-cysteine are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen sulfide is a critical signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions.
  • Understanding H₂S metabolism and signaling is key to its therapeutic utilization.
  • H₂S shows promise as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases.