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The cumulative semantic interference effect in normal and pathological ageing.

Claudio Mulatti1, Clara Calia2, Maria Fara De Caro3

  • 1Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) impairs picture naming due to inefficient semantic access, not perceptual or phonological deficits. This finding helps understand early Alzheimer's Disease progression.

Keywords:
AgeingCumulative semantic effectMild cognitive impairmentPicture namingSemantic deficit

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a precursor to Alzheimer's Disease.
  • Individuals with MCI often exhibit difficulties in picture naming, a complex lexical-semantic task.
  • Previous research suggested deficits in perceptual, semantic, or phonological stages contribute to naming impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific source of picture naming deficits in individuals with MCI.
  • To differentiate between potential perceptual, semantic, or phonological processing impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Compared cumulative semantic interference and repetition priming effects in individuals with MCI, healthy elderly, and young participants.
  • Cumulative semantic interference: measured reaction time increases based on previously named items within the same semantic category.
  • Repetition priming: assessed performance changes for repeated versus unrepeated items.

Main Results:

  • Healthy elderly and young participants exhibited a cumulative semantic interference effect.
  • Individuals with MCI did not show a cumulative semantic interference effect.
  • All groups demonstrated comparable repetition priming effects.

Conclusions:

  • The absence of cumulative semantic interference in MCI suggests a deficit in semantic access, not perceptual or phonological stages.
  • Picture naming impairments in MCI are likely due to inefficient retrieval and processing of semantic information.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying early Alzheimer's Disease pathology.