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Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by...
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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri
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Insertion sequence elements in Lactococcus garvieae.

Giovanni Eraclio1, Giovanni Ricci1, Maria Grazia Fortina1

  • 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Gene
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies 15 distinct insertion sequences in Lactococcus garvieae genomes, including five novel elements. These mobile genetic elements may contribute to bacterial genome plasticity and chromosomal rearrangement.

Keywords:
CharacterizationDiversityLactic acid bacteriaMobile Genetic ElementsTransposase

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements crucial for prokaryotic genome plasticity.
  • Lactococcus garvieae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with limited research on its mobile genetic elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity and distribution of insertion sequences in Lactococcus garvieae genomes.
  • To identify novel transposable elements in this important bacterial species.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of twelve publicly available Lactococcus garvieae genomes.
  • Identification and classification of insertion sequences based on known families (IS3, IS982, IS6, IS21, IS256).
  • Comparative analysis with insertion sequences from related species, particularly Lactococcus lactis.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen distinct insertion sequences were identified in L. garvieae, including five novel elements.
  • The majority of identified IS elements showed homology to those found in Lactococcus lactis, suggesting interspecies transfer.
  • ISLL6 elements (IS3 family) were the most abundant, present in 9 out of 12 genomes analyzed.
  • Analysis suggested a potential role for ISLL6 in chromosomal rearrangements.

Conclusions:

  • This research expands the knowledge of mobile genetic elements in Lactococcus garvieae.
  • The findings highlight potential horizontal gene transfer of IS elements between L. garvieae and L. lactis.
  • Insertion sequences, particularly ISLL6, may play a significant role in the genome evolution and plasticity of L. garvieae.