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Related Concept Videos

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

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Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
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Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

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Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or...
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

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Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
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Malrotation and intestinal atresias.

Stephen D Adams1, Michael P Stanton1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.

Early Human Development
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal bowel obstruction can stem from four congenital conditions: malrotation, jejuno-ileal atresia, duodenal atresia, and colonic atresia. This review details their features and surgical management.

Keywords:
Colonic atresiaDuodenal atresiaJejuno-ileal atresiaMalrotationVolvulus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastrointestinal Development

Background:

  • Neonatal bowel obstruction is a critical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
  • Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of bowel obstruction in newborns.
  • Understanding the specific features of different congenital causes is essential for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review four common congenital conditions causing neonatal bowel obstruction.
  • To detail the antenatal and postnatal characteristics of malrotation, jejuno-ileal atresia, duodenal atresia, and colonic atresia.
  • To summarize the classification, epidemiology, etiology, presentation, and surgical management of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of congenital bowel obstruction in neonates.
  • Synthesis of information on malrotation, jejuno-ileal atresia, duodenal atresia, and colonic atresia.
  • Discussion of diagnostic features and surgical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Malrotation, jejuno-ileal atresia, duodenal atresia, and colonic atresia are distinct congenital causes of neonatal bowel obstruction.
  • Each condition has unique antenatal and postnatal presentations.
  • Surgical management strategies vary based on the specific diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of these congenital conditions is crucial for appropriate surgical intervention.
  • Comprehensive understanding of each anomaly aids in optimizing patient outcomes.
  • This review provides a consolidated resource for clinicians managing neonatal bowel obstruction.