TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels: potential therapeutic targets for ischemic conditioning-induced cardioprotection

Besides the involvement of TRPV channels in exhibiting various cellular functions including thermoregulation, pain perception, maintenance of bone homeostasis and gastrointestinal function; certain studies have also implicated the putative role of these channels in mediating ischemic conditioning-induced cardioprotection. The potential role of TRPV1 channels in different forms of ischemic conditioning (pre/post/remote)-induced cardioprotection has been described by employing TRPV1 knockout mice and various pharmacological modulators. The cardioprotective effects of TRPV1 activation during ischemic conditioning have been linked with increased CGRP, substance P release and augmented ALOX expression. Furthermore, the role of TRPV4 channels in mediating preconditioning-induced preservation of vascular function in terms restoring NO- and further improving EDH(F)-mediated endothelial relaxation has been described. The present review discusses the putative role of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels in mediating different forms of conditioning (pre/post/remote)-induced cardioprotection along with the possible mechanisms. Future perspectives have also been described to fully understand the cascade of signaling and contribution of TRPV channel activation during myocardial ischemic conditioning.