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Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Storage01:23

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Explicit Memories01:27

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
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System of Memory01:23

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Semantic memory: Which side are you on?

Karalyn Patterson1, Michael D Kopelman2, Anna M Woollams3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK; MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences, Cambridge, UK.

Neuropsychologia
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two patients with left temporal lobe damage reveal specific functions of the anterior temporal lobe in semantic memory. Their unique cognitive profiles offer definitive insights into semantic memory organization.

Keywords:
Herpes simplex virus encephalitisLeft temporal lobeSemantic aphasiaSemantic dementiaStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Semantic memory organization is crucial for understanding language and cognition.
  • Semantic dementia, characterized by progressive atrophy, complicates precise localization of semantic memory functions.
  • Investigating focal lesions offers a complementary approach to understanding brain-behavior relationships.

Observation:

  • Two patients with distinct left temporal lobe lesions (stroke and encephalitis) were studied.
  • Both patients exhibited severe anomia and impaired verbal and non-verbal semantic tasks.
  • Key semantic dementia features, like sensitivity to familiarity, were present only in verbal tasks.

Findings:

  • Unilateral left anterior temporal lobe lesions selectively impair specific aspects of semantic processing.
  • These findings differentiate the roles of the left anterior temporal lobe from broader semantic dementia patterns.
  • The study provides definitive evidence for the specific functions of the left anterior temporal lobe in semantic memory.

Implications:

  • This research clarifies the specific contribution of the left anterior temporal lobe to semantic memory.
  • Understanding focal deficits enhances diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for semantic memory impairments.
  • The findings contribute to a more nuanced model of the neural architecture of semantic memory.