Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 20, 2026
08:09
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
Published on: December 13, 2019
23.4K
Heart rate-dependent left ventricular diastolic function in patients with and without heart failure
Sam Esfandiari1, Felipe Fuchs2, Rodrigo V Wainstein3
1Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Cardiac Failure
|December 3, 2014
Summary
Increasing heart rate (HR) significantly impacts diastolic function in heart failure (HF) patients more than in healthy individuals. This finding supports current recommendations for HR-lowering treatments in HF management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Physiology
Background:
- Heart rate (HR) reduction is beneficial for heart failure (HF) with systolic dysfunction.
- Immediate mechanical effects of altering HR on diastole in HF are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of increasing HR on early and late diastole in humans with and without HF.
- To analyze the force-interval relationships of the left ventricle (LV).
Main Methods:
- Studied LV force-interval relationships in 11 HF patients and 14 controls.
- Controlled HR via right atrial pacing, recorded LV pressure, and analyzed LV volumes.
- Calculated time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau) and analyzed end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR).
Main Results:
- Increasing HR shortened tau in both HF patients and controls, with a steeper slope in HF.
- Higher HRs increased predicted LV volume at 0 mm Hg (V30) in HF patients.
- EDPVR compliance curve shifted rightward in HF patients at higher HRs, but not in controls.
Conclusions:
- HR alterations affect early relaxation and diastolic compliance more significantly in HF patients than in controls.
- Findings support current recommendations for HR-lowering drug therapy in HF management.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
1.6K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.6K
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
4.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.8K
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
1.2K
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
1.2K
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
1.6K
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
1.6K
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
1.4K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.4K
01:30Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
811
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
811