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Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...

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A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy

Current aspects in hemoglobin A1c detection: a review.

Shu Hwang Ang¹, M Thevarajah², Yatimah Alias¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry

|December 3, 2014

Summary

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) tests are now recommended for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), offering advantages over traditional plasma tests. Standardization efforts improve communication and diabetes care globally.

Keywords:

Biosensors Hemoglobin A1c tests IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine)NGSP (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program)POC technology Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Published on: May 29, 2020

Area of Science:

Clinical Chemistry
Endocrinology
Public Health

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health challenge.
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) gained WHO endorsement for T2DM diagnosis in 2011.
HbA1c tests offer comparable or superior convenience and variability to conventional plasma-specific diagnostic tests.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the global status of HbA1c tests in T2DM diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and management.
To highlight the importance of recognizing glycated hemoglobin variants and utilizing diverse HbA1c methodologies.
To discuss advancements in HbA1c standardization, point-of-care (POC) analyzers, and future biosensor development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of HbA1c testing in T2DM.
Analysis of standardization programs and their impact on clinical practice.
Exploration of POC analyzers and biosensor technology for diabetes care.

Main Results:

Standardization of HbA1c tests facilitates better laboratory-to-clinical communication.
POC analyzers show potential for cost-effective diabetes care.
Advancements in HbA1c biosensors promise future clinical applications.

Conclusions:

HbA1c testing is crucial for comprehensive T2DM management.
Continued efforts in standardization and technological innovation are vital for improving global diabetes care.
Effective utilization of various HbA1c methods and emerging technologies can enhance patient outcomes.