Epigenetic regulation in plants

Craig S Pikaard1, Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid2

  • 1Department of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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