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Related Concept Videos

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Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
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Speciation with gene flow in equids despite extensive chromosomal plasticity.

Hákon Jónsson1, Mikkel Schubert1, Andaine Seguin-Orlando2

  • 1Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The Equus genus, including horses and zebras, shows dynamic evolution and gene flow. Genomic data reveals lineage-specific adaptations and challenges theories on chromosomal rearrangements driving speciation.

Keywords:
admixturechromosomal rearrangementsequidsevolutionary genomicsspeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Paleogenomics

Background:

  • The Equus genus, encompassing horses, asses, and zebras, has a rich fossil record but unclear evolutionary pathways.
  • Previous genomic data was limited, primarily covering horses and domestic donkeys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To complete the genomic representation of all extant Equus species.
  • To investigate lineage-specific adaptations and demographic history.
  • To explore the role of chromosomal rearrangements in equine speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing genomes from living asses and zebras.
  • Characterizing the genome of the extinct quagga zebra from a museum specimen.
  • Scanning genomes for genes under positive selection.
  • Analyzing demographic history and gene flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 48 genes under positive selection related to olfaction, immunity, development, locomotion, and behavior.
  • Revelation of a dynamic demographic history with continental expansions and collapses.
  • Evidence of early speciation with gene flow in North America and Old World dispersal.
  • Detection of gene flow between contemporary equine species with varying chromosome numbers.

Conclusions:

  • Equid speciation involved gene flow, even with significant chromosomal differences.
  • Chromosomal rearrangements may not be the sole driver of reproductive isolation in equids.
  • Equids serve as a crucial model for understanding speciation dynamics.