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Related Concept Videos

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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The human acromion viewed from an evolutionary perspective.

J-L Voisin1, M Ropars2, H Thomazeau3

  • 1UMR 7268 ADES, Aix-Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, La Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194 et USM 103/CNRS, 1, rue René-Panhard, 75013 Paris, France.

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human scapula evolution shows distinct features like a lateral glenoid cavity and wider coraco-acromial arch. These anatomical changes in Homo sapiens sapiens may contribute to rotator cuff tendinopathy prevalence.

Keywords:
AcromionPaleo-anthropologyRotator cuffScapula

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Human Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Rotator cuff tendinopathy is common in modern humans.
  • Evolutionary changes in scapular morphology may influence this prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the anatomical features of the scapula across Hominoid species.
  • To investigate if Homo sapiens sapiens scapulae exhibit unique characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 89 scapulae from five Hominoid species.
  • Measured eight parameters and determined six indices for each scapula.
  • Compared measurements across species to identify distinct features.

Main Results:

  • Homo sapiens sapiens scapulae show a lateral orientation of the glenoid cavity.
  • A narrow coraco-acromial arch was identified in humans.
  • The human acromion is larger, squarer, and more steeply sloped than in other Hominoids.

Conclusions:

  • The unique anatomical characteristics of the human scapula support evolutionary hypotheses.
  • These features may partially explain the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tendinopathy in modern humans.