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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
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Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation

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[Fecal microbiota transplantation].

Ana García-García-de-Paredes1, Enrique Rodríguez-de-Santiago1, Lara Aguilera-Castro1

  • 1Sección de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a viable therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and shows promise for other conditions. Further research is needed due to limited long-term data on this evolving microbiome treatment.

Keywords:
Clostridium difficileEnfermedad inflamatoria intestinalFecal microbiota transplantationInflammatory bowel diseaseTrasplante de microbiota fecal

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The human microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
  • The role of gut bacteria has shifted from pathogen to essential symbiotic partner.
  • Emerging evidence supports the microbiota's significance in human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on intestinal microbiota.
  • To provide a detailed overview of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of FMT.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on intestinal microbiota.
  • Analysis of clinical trials and research on fecal microbiota transplantation.
  • Evaluation of existing data regarding FMT efficacy and safety.

Main Results:

  • Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an established treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.
  • FMT demonstrates potential therapeutic benefits for ulcerative colitis and non-gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Significant knowledge gaps and a lack of long-term follow-up studies exist.

Conclusions:

  • Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Current data on FMT should be interpreted with caution due to limited long-term evidence.
  • Further clinical trials are necessary to fully understand the scope and safety of FMT.