Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
Published on: January 29, 2013
Use of diagnostic modalities for assessing upper extremity vascular pathology
Beatrice L Grasu1, Christopher M Jones1, Michael S Murphy1
1The Curtis National Hand Center, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, #200 JPB, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Abstract:
Vascular pathology of the upper extremity requires consideration of constitutional, anatomic, and functional factors. The medical history and physical examination are essential. The Allen test can be performed alongside a handheld Doppler for arterial mapping. Useful studies include digital-brachial index measurements, digital plethysmography, laser Doppler, and color ultrasounds. Three-phase bone scintigraphy still plays a role in the evaluation of vascularity after of frostbite injury. Angiogram remains the gold standard radiographic instrument to evaluate vascular pathology of the upper extremity, but computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans have an increasing role in diagnosis of vascular pathology.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection
Head and Neck

