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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Carpal fractures other than scaphoid.

Ekaterina Y Urch1, Steve K Lee1

  • 1Department of Hand, Upper Extremity and Microsurgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Carpal fractures are rare but can cause significant issues if missed, particularly in athletes. Early diagnosis and specific treatments are crucial for recovery and return to sport.

Keywords:
Athlete injuryCarpal fracturesHand traumaSports injuryWrist fracturesWrist trauma

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Carpal fractures are uncommon injuries.
  • Missed diagnoses can lead to long-term morbidity and functional loss.
  • Athletes are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of carpal fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on carpal fractures.
  • To provide a guide for diagnosis and treatment of carpal fractures.
  • To aid in the management of athletes with carpal injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on carpal fractures.
  • Organization of diagnostic approaches including physical examination and imaging.
  • Compilation of treatment guidelines based on fracture type.

Main Results:

  • Carpal fractures require prompt diagnosis via physical exam and imaging (radiographs, advanced imaging).
  • Treatment protocols are fracture-specific.
  • Return to play timelines are variable and depend on the clinical scenario.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of carpal fractures is essential to prevent morbidity.
  • Tailored treatment plans are necessary for optimal outcomes.
  • Understanding fracture types and guidelines facilitates appropriate management and return to athletic activity.