Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

6.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
6.5K
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

4
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
4
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.9K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.9K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

4.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.7K
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

2
Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and...
2
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.9K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gain-of-function mutation in <i>SKAP2</i> leads to type 1 diabetes and broader autoimmunity through hyperactive integrin signaling in myeloid cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Approach to the Patient: Mitochondrial Diabetes: Contemporary Cases and a Precision Medicine Approach.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2025
Same author

Creation and Evaluation of a Research Participant Portal for the University of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2025
Same author

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Resting Heart Rate, and Glycemic Variability in Adults With Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young.

Diabetes·2025
Same author

Sleep patterns in adults and children with less common forms of diabetes.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025
Same author

Antibody-Positive Type 1 Diabetes in a Family With a Pathogenic <i>HNF1A</i>-MODY Variant and Variable Age of Onset.

JCEM case reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
11:10

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients

Published on: July 30, 2011

17.1K

Update on diabetes classification.

Celeste C Thomas1, Louis H Philipson2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Classifying diabetes mellitus is challenging due to incomplete understanding of its causes. Current systems have limitations, and even genetic forms like monogenic diabetes are often undiagnosed, hindering effective treatment insights.

Keywords:
Classification of diabetes mellitusGestational diabetes mellitusLatent autoimmune diabetes of adultsMaturity-onset diabetes of the youngMonogenic diabetesNeonatal diabetesSecondary diabetesType 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus

More Related Videos

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

14.3K
Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
11:10

Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients

Published on: July 30, 2011

17.1K
Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

14.3K
Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
10:35

Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus classification faces challenges due to incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis.
  • Existing classification schemes exhibit overlap and inconsistencies, limiting their utility.
  • Monogenic diabetes, diagnosable via DNA sequencing, remains largely undiagnosed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving nature of diabetes mellitus classification.
  • To highlight the difficulties in establishing a definitive classification system.
  • To underscore the gap between classification goals and current reality.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diabetes mellitus classification systems.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, particularly for monogenic forms.
  • Discussion of the relationship between classification, pathogenesis, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • No current classification of diabetes mellitus is ideal, with inherent limitations.
  • Over 90% of individuals with monogenic diabetes due to known mutations remain undiagnosed.
  • Classification schemes fall short of providing clear insights into pathogenesis and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • A definitive classification of diabetes mellitus is hindered by incomplete knowledge of pathogenesis.
  • Improved diagnostic approaches, especially for monogenic diabetes, are needed.
  • Future classification efforts should aim to better inform pathogenesis and treatment strategies.