Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

5.4K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
5.4K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

7.0K
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
7.0K
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.8K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Treatment of Hallux Rigidus: Comparison of Hemiarthroplasty with Cartiva Implant, Allograft Interpositional Arthroplasty, and Arthrodesis.

Foot & ankle orthopaedics·2025
Same author

Achilles Rupture Repair: Modified Gift-Box With a Proximal Myotendinous Backup Fixation Technique.

Arthroscopy techniques·2025
Same author

<i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> Infection as a Cause of Nonunion After Ulnar-Shortening Osteotomy.

Orthopedics·2024
Same author

Microbial reduction of prebagged human plasma using 405 nm light and its effects on coagulation factors.

AMB Express·2024
Same author

Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and energy efficiency of low irradiance 405-nm light for bacterial decontamination.

Archives of microbiology·2024
Same author

Human platelet concentrates treated with microbicidal 405 nm light retain hemostasis activity.

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
08:43

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

Published on: July 7, 2016

15.3K

Gastrocnemius recession.

John G Anderson1, Donald R Bohay2, Erik B Eller3

  • 1Spectrum Health Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, PC, 1111 Leffingwell Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525, USA.

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Grand Rapids Arch Collapse classification system offers a new way to diagnose and treat foot and ankle issues stemming from a fallen arch. Gastrocnemius equinus is a key factor, and its surgical correction yields excellent results.

Keywords:
Arch collapseFlat footFoot and ankle conditionsGastrocnemius equinusGastrocnemius recession

More Related Videos

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
10:50

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Published on: November 3, 2013

25.7K
Procedures for Rat in situ Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties
09:49

Procedures for Rat in situ Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties

Published on: October 15, 2011

29.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
08:43

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

Published on: July 7, 2016

15.3K
Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
10:50

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Published on: November 3, 2013

25.7K
Procedures for Rat in situ Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties
09:49

Procedures for Rat in situ Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties

Published on: October 15, 2011

29.6K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Podiatry
  • Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle

Background:

  • Falling arches (pes planus) are linked to various foot and ankle pathologies.
  • Gastrocnemius equinus (tight calf muscle) is increasingly identified as a primary contributor to arch collapse and related conditions.
  • Existing classification systems may not fully address the complexity of arch collapse pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Grand Rapids Arch Collapse (GRAC) classification system.
  • To correlate the GRAC classification with treatment algorithms and patient outcomes.
  • To highlight the role of gastrocnemius equinus in arch collapse and expand indications for gastrocnemius recession.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel classification system (GRAC) for foot and ankle conditions associated with arch collapse.
  • Correlation of the GRAC classification with a standardized treatment algorithm.
  • Analysis of patient outcomes following the proposed treatment algorithm.
  • Expanded indications for gastrocnemius recession based on clinical findings.

Main Results:

  • The GRAC classification provides a reproducible system for categorizing arch collapse conditions.
  • The treatment algorithm based on the GRAC classification demonstrates excellent patient outcomes.
  • Gastrocnemius equinus is a significant factor in the pathology of arch collapse.
  • Gastrocnemius recession is effective for a broader range of conditions, including arch pain, apophysitis, fasciitis, tendonosis, and neuropathic ulcers.

Conclusions:

  • The Grand Rapids Arch Collapse classification system offers a novel, effective, and reproducible approach to managing fallen arches.
  • Addressing gastrocnemius equinus through recession is crucial for treating a wide spectrum of foot and ankle pathologies associated with arch collapse.
  • The expanded indications for gastrocnemius recession show promise for improved outcomes in complex foot conditions.