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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
25.9K
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

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Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

1.0K
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Chelation in metal intoxication--Principles and paradigms.

Jan Aaseth1, Marit Aralt Skaug2, Yang Cao3

  • 1Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger Hospital Division, Kongsvinger, Norway.

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This review updates principles for metal poisoning treatment using chelating agents. Newer agents like DMSA and DMPS offer safer, oral alternatives to older treatments, with novel options emerging for iron and copper overload.

Keywords:
DMPSDMSADeferasiroxDeferiproneDeferoxamine

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Chelating agents are crucial for treating metal intoxications.
  • Older chelators like EDTA and BAL have limitations including toxicity and administration routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the principles for investigating and using chelating agents in metal poisoning.
  • To compare the efficacy and safety of established and novel chelating agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chelating agents for metal detoxification.
  • Comparative analysis of different chelators based on toxicity, efficacy, and administration routes.

Main Results:

  • Hydrophilic dithiol chelators meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercapto-propanesulphonate (DMPS) are less toxic and more effective than BAL for heavy metal poisoning, with oral availability.
  • DMSA is effective for copper overload, while new oral agents deferiprone and desferasirox show promise for iron chelation.

Conclusions:

  • Modern chelating agents offer improved safety and efficacy over older treatments.
  • Ongoing research focuses on developing new chelators, particularly for iron and copper, with oral administration being a key advancement.