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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Memory in children with epilepsy: a systematic review.

Leanne Menlove1, Colin Reilly1

  • 1Research Department, Young Epilepsy, St. Piers Lane, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, United Kingdom.

Seizure
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Summary

Children with epilepsy often experience memory impairments. Factors like more anti-epileptic drugs and frequent seizures predict these difficulties, though surgery may offer some improvement.

Keywords:
ChildrenEpilepsyMemoryPredictors

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Childhood epilepsy is associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment.
  • Memory is a cognitive domain particularly vulnerable in children with epilepsy.
  • Understanding memory deficits is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the prevalence and predictors of memory difficulties in children with epilepsy.
  • To examine the impact of epilepsy surgery on memory functioning.
  • To identify factors associated with memory impairment in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed with keywords 'memory', 'children', and 'epilepsy'.
  • Eighty-eight studies comparing memory scores of children with epilepsy to controls or normative data were included.
  • Analysis focused on memory performance, predictors of impairment, and post-surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A significant majority (78%) of studies indicated lower memory scores in children with epilepsy compared to controls.
  • Memory scores improved post-surgery in approximately 50% of the reviewed studies.
  • Predictors of memory impairment included polytherapy with anti-epileptic drugs, earlier age of epilepsy onset, higher seizure frequency, and longer epilepsy duration.

Conclusions:

  • Children with epilepsy exhibit a high incidence of memory impairments.
  • The precise prevalence remains unclear due to limited population-based data and lack of IQ control in many studies.
  • Further population-based research and studies on the neurobiology of memory deficits in pediatric epilepsy are warranted.