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[Cutaneous adverse drug reactions].
B Lebrun-Vignes1, L Valeyrie-Allanore2
1Centre régional de pharmacovigilance du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, AP-HP, coordination de pharmacovigilance d'Île-de-France, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
La Revue De Medecine Interne
|December 3, 2014
Summary
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) are diverse, with common forms like exanthematous eruptions and serious ones like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Prompt diagnosis and reporting to pharmacovigilance are crucial for managing these drug-induced skin reactions.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Context:
- Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations.
- Common CADR include exanthematous eruptions, urticaria, and vasculitis.
- Serious CADR, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and DRESS, require urgent diagnosis and management.
Purpose:
- To review the clinical patterns, risk factors, pathogenesis, and diagnostic approaches for CADR.
- To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and management of severe cutaneous drug reactions.
- To highlight the role of pharmacovigilance in monitoring drug safety.
Summary:
- CADR present varied clinical patterns, with common forms and less frequent but severe reactions like bullous disorders and DRESS.
- Risk factors include immunosuppression, autoimmunity, and specific HLA alleles.
- Pathogenesis involves immunologic or toxic mechanisms; allergologic testing has variable sensitivity, and no definitive test confirms causality.
Impact:
- Accurate diagnosis of CADR guides appropriate patient management and can prevent severe outcomes.
- Understanding CADR pathogenesis aids in developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
- Reporting serious CADR to pharmacovigilance networks is essential for drug safety surveillance.
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