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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Anterocollis and anterocaput.

Josef Finsterer1, Gonzalo J Revuelta2

  • 1Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Anterocollis, a rare cervical dystonia subtype, involves abnormal head-forward posture. Diagnosis relies on clinical findings and imaging, with botulinum toxin being the primary treatment. Other options include medication and deep brain stimulation.

Keywords:
AnterocollisBotulinum toxinCervical dystoniaDropped headFocal dystonia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Anterocollis/anterocaput is the least common abnormal head position within cervical dystonia.
  • It can be distinguished from anterocaput by specific spinal or skull-base angles.
  • Classified as primary/secondary and pure/complex, it often co-occurs with other focal dystonias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for anterocollis/anterocaput.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination to assess head posture and movements.
  • Needle electromyography to identify affected muscles and exclude other conditions.
  • Cervical/thoracic spine X-rays and cerebral MRI for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Patients experience impaired head movement, sometimes relieved by a 'geste antagonistique'.
  • Neurological exams reveal tonic or tremulous movements and neck posturing.
  • Diagnosis is confirmed through a combination of clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging data.

Conclusions:

  • Botulinum toxin is the first-line treatment for anterocollis/anterocaput.
  • Pharmacological treatments are considered if botulinum toxin is ineffective.
  • Deep brain stimulation is an option for refractory cases unresponsive to other therapies.