Magainin-AM2 improves glucose homeostasis and beta cell function in high-fat fed mice

Magainin-AM2, a previously described amphibian host-defense peptide, stimulates insulin- and glucagon-like peptide-1-release in vitro. This study investigated anti-diabetic effects of the peptide in mice with diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.

Male National Institute of Health Swiss mice were maintained on a high-fat diet for 12-weeks prior to the daily treatment with magainin-AM2. Various indices of glucose tolerance were monitored together with insulin secretory responsiveness of islets at conclusion of study.

Following twice daily treatment with magainin-AM2 for 15 days, no significant difference in body weight and food intake was observed compared with saline-treated high fat control animals. However, non-fasting blood glucose was significantly (P<0.05) decreased while plasma insulin concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) increased. Oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin secretion following glucose administration via both routes were significantly (P<0.05) enhanced. The peptide significantly (P<0.001) improved insulin sensitivity as well as the beta cell responses of islets isolated from treated mice to a range of insulin secretagogues. Oxygen consumption, CO₂production, respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure were not significantly altered by sub-chronic administration of magainin-AM2 but a significant (P<0.05) reduction in fat deposition was observed.

These results indicate that magainin-AM2 improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and islet beta cells secretory responsiveness in mice with obesity-diabetes.

The activity of magainin-AM2 suggests the possibility of exploiting this peptide for treatment of type 2 diabetes.