Small RNA molecules in endometriosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects

Endometriosis is one of the major female health burdens which affects the quality of life and reproductive potential of individuals. Although some treatment strategies are available, the complete cure of endometriosis is not yet possible. Investigation of new and alternative strategies for endometriosis treatment thus remains necessary. Identification of small RNA molecules and their roles in gene regulation and other cellular functions has revolutionized modern biomedical science. Several micro RNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been found to be associated with endometriosis progression. Some of them are down-regulated, while some are up-regulated. Detail profiling of miRNAs and/or siRNAs may serve as an important tool for endometriosis diagnosis. Meanwhile, targeting the specific miRNAs/siRNAs which are up-regulated in endometriosisis, or using miRNAs/siRNAs precursors, which are down-regulated in endometriosisis, have produced some success stories in endometriosis theraputics. Extensive studies on miRNAs/siRNAs may aid potential therapeutic approaches in endometriosis treatment.