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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Chemical approaches to cell reprogramming.

Chen Yu1, Kai Liu1, Shibing Tang1

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small molecules are revolutionizing cell reprogramming, enabling the creation of diverse cell types for biological research and regenerative medicine. This review highlights recent advancements in small molecule-driven cell fate modulation.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Cell reprogramming generates diverse cell types beyond normal developmental pathways.
  • This technology offers significant opportunities for fundamental biological studies.
  • It holds immense promise for applications in regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in cell reprogramming.
  • To focus on the role of small molecules in modulating cellular fate.
  • To highlight the temporal and tunable nature of small molecule approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cell reprogramming.
  • Analysis of studies employing small molecules to enhance reprogramming.
  • Examination of mechanisms by which small molecules regulate cellular fate.

Main Results:

  • Small molecules enhance and enable cell reprogramming processes.
  • They offer a temporal and tunable method to control cellular functions.
  • Various small molecules have been identified for their reprogramming capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecule modulation is a key strategy in advancing cell reprogramming.
  • This approach provides precise control over cellular fate determination.
  • Further research in this area will drive innovation in regenerative medicine.