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High-resolution STEM imaging with a quadrant detector--conditions for differential phase contrast microscopy in the

S Majert1, H Kohl1

  • 1Physikalisches Institut und Interdisziplinäres Centrum für Elektronenmikroskopie und Mikroanalyse (ICEM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.

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|December 3, 2014
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Summary

Differential phase contrast microscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) can image fields. Using a conventional quadrant detector improves resolution over ring quadrant detectors, reaching below 2.5 angstroms.

Keywords:
DPCDifferential phase contrastHigh resolutionSTEM

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Differential phase contrast (DPC) is a key technique in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for mapping magnetic and electric fields.
  • Various detector geometries exist for DPC, with recent focus on ring quadrant detectors for high-resolution imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the contrast transfer characteristics of different quadrant detector geometries for DPC in STEM.
  • To determine the impact of detector geometry on the achievable resolution in aberration-corrected STEM.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical calculation of phase gradient transfer functions for different quadrant detector geometries (two ring quadrant detectors and a conventional quadrant detector).
  • Modeling was performed for an ideal microscope and a weak phase object assumption.

Main Results:

  • The phase gradient transfer functions reveal that ring quadrant detectors, particularly those with small inner angles, limit resolution.
  • A barely illuminated ring quadrant detector setup for magnetic field imaging in STEM reduces resolution to approximately 2.5 angstroms.
  • Conventional quadrant detectors offer significantly improved resolution compared to ring quadrant detectors.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of detector geometry critically impacts the resolution achievable with DPC in STEM.
  • Conventional quadrant detectors are superior to ring quadrant detectors for high-resolution DPC imaging, enabling resolutions better than 2.5 angstroms in aberration-corrected STEM.