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Probing short-term face memory in developmental prosopagnosia.

Punit Shah1, Anne Gaule2, Sebastian B Gaigg3

  • 1Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London, London, UK.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) involves impaired face recognition. This study found that individuals with DP do not have deficits in short-term face memory (STFM), suggesting different causes than autism spectrum disorder.

Keywords:
Body perceptionDevelopmental prosopagnosiaFace perceptionNeurodevelopmental disordersShort-term face memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Face recognition deficits are observed in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Short-term face memory (STFM) impairment is a proposed cause for these deficits, particularly in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
  • The role of STFM in Developmental Prosopagnosia (DP) remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether STFM deficits contribute to impaired face recognition in individuals with DP.
  • To differentiate the underlying mechanisms of face recognition deficits in DP and Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A six-alternative-forced-choice match-to-sample procedure was used.
  • Memory demand was manipulated using short versus long delays between target and test faces.
  • Perceptual demands were kept constant to isolate the effect of STFM.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with DP demonstrated category-specific impairments in face matching, being slower and less accurate than controls.
  • DP participants did not show disproportionately greater impairment with longer delays.
  • These findings indicate stable face representations over short durations in DP.

Conclusions:

  • Face recognition difficulties in DP appear to stem from perceptual encoding deficits, not STFM impairment.
  • The findings suggest distinct mechanisms underlie face recognition impairments in DP (perceptual encoding) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (perceptual maintenance).