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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

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The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
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High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
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ABCG1 is involved in vitamin E efflux.

Maryline Olivier, Remain BottG, Eric Frisdal

    Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
    |December 3, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals that ABCG1, a cholesterol transporter, plays a key role in cellular vitamin E efflux. Reduced ABCG1 levels decrease vitamin E transport, impacting tissue and plasma concentrations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Medicine

    Background:

    • Cellular membrane transport of vitamin E is crucial for its distribution.
    • Known transporters include SR-BI, ABCA1, and NPC1L1.
    • The role of ABCG1 in vitamin E efflux remained unexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the involvement of ABCG1 in cellular vitamin E efflux.
    • To determine the impact of ABCG1 on vitamin E levels in vivo and in vitro.
    • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of ABCG1 and ABCA1 expression by vitamin E.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Abcg1-deficient mice and wild-type littermates for in vivo studies.
    • Employed cell culture models including CHO cells overexpressing ABCG1 and ABCG1-knockdown human cells (Hep3B, THP-1).
    • Measured alpha- and gamma-tocopherol efflux and expression levels of ABCG1 and ABCA1.

    Main Results:

    • Abcg1 deficiency in mice led to reduced plasma lipoprotein vitamin E and increased tissue vitamin E.
    • Overexpression of ABCG1 enhanced tocopherol efflux in CHO cells.
    • ABCG1 knockdown decreased tocopherol efflux in human hepatocytes and macrophages.
    • Vitamin E downregulated ABCG1 and ABCA1 expression, linked to reduced oxysterol levels and LXR activation.

    Conclusions:

    • ABCG1 is identified as a novel transporter involved in cellular vitamin E efflux.
    • Vitamin E influences its own transport by downregulating ABCG1 and ABCA1 expression.
    • Findings provide new insights into the regulation of vitamin E homeostasis.