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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Related Experiment Video

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Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
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Nitric oxide availability is increased in contracting skeletal muscle from aged mice, but does not differentially

T Pearson1, A McArdle1, M J Jackson1

  • 1MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging increases nitric oxide (NO) in skeletal muscle, potentially causing protein damage and reduced superoxide availability. This age-related NO increase may contribute to muscle degeneration.

Keywords:
AgingFluorescent confocal microscopyNOROSSkeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Skeletal muscle physiology
  • Aging research
  • Oxidative stress

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are linked to age-related muscle decline.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide interactions can form peroxynitrite, impacting muscle function.
  • Existing data on aging effects on muscle NO availability are contradictory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if increased NO generation in aging muscle leads to higher peroxynitrite levels.
  • To examine the impact of NO on superoxide availability and protein nitration in aged muscles.
  • To determine the relationship between contractile activity, NO, and oxidative stress markers in aging skeletal muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescent probes to measure NO and superoxide in muscle fibers (cytosol and mitochondria) from adult and old mice.
  • Assessed muscle protein 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) as markers of peroxynitrite activity.
  • Employed isolated fiber preparations and contractile activity protocols, with and without NOS inhibition.

Main Results:

  • A significant age-related increase in NO levels was observed in muscle fibers during contractile activity, linked to elevated eNOS.
  • Muscle proteins from old mice exhibited increased 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) content.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) was found to decrease superoxide bioavailability in muscle mitochondria, though this was not age-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Increased NO during contractile activity in aged muscle is associated with elevated protein nitration (3-NT).
  • This age-related increase in NO and subsequent nitration may contribute to degenerative changes in skeletal muscle.
  • While NO affects mitochondrial superoxide, the primary age-related effect appears to be increased NO availability and protein modification.