A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Area of Science:

• Marine Biology
• Evolutionary Biology
• Genomics

Background:

• Manta and devil rays (mobulids) are globally distributed pelagic filter feeders with an unclear evolutionary past.
• Understanding their phylogeny is crucial for conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To reconstruct the evolutionary history and divergence times of mobulid rays.
• To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between Manta and Mobula genera.

Main Methods:

• Next-generation sequencing of mitogenomes from nine mobulid species.
• Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear genes for expanded taxon sampling.
• Phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian frameworks.
• Fossil-calibrated Bayesian random local clock analysis for divergence dating.

Main Results:

• A well-resolved phylogeny identified three deep clades within mobulids.
• The genus Mobula was confirmed as paraphyletic with the inclusion of Manta.
• Mobulids diverged from Rhinoptera approximately 30 million years ago (Mya).
• Major speciation events occurred in the Early/Middle Miocene and Pliocene/Pleistocene, coinciding with climate change.

Conclusions:

• Mobulid diversification is linked to past climate fluctuations and changes in oceanic productivity.
• The shared evolutionary history and current threats necessitate enhanced conservation for these pelagic filter feeders.