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Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

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Published on: April 25, 2013

Engineering complex orthopaedic tissues via strategic biomimicry.

Dovina Qu¹, Christopher Z Mosher, Margaret K Boushell

¹Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC 8904, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

|December 4, 2014

Summary

Regenerative engineering faces challenges in creating complex, multi-tissue structures. This review explores biomimicry for designing scaffolds that mimic natural tissue interfaces to improve musculoskeletal repair and regeneration.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Simultaneous formation and functional assembly of multiple tissue types into complex organ systems remain a significant challenge in regenerative engineering.
Musculoskeletal system function relies on seamless integration of bone with soft tissues (ligament, tendon, cartilage) and muscle with tendon, highlighting the need for tissue-tissue synchrony.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the state-of-the-art in complex scaffold design for regenerative engineering.
To explore the application of strategic biomimicry in engineering tissue connectivity for musculoskeletal regeneration.
To identify essential matrix characteristics for scaffold design by learning from nature.

Main Methods:

Review of current research in bioinspired stratified or gradient scaffold designs.
Analysis of biomimicry strategies for recapitulating native structure-function relationships in musculoskeletal tissue units.
Discussion of scaffold applications for bone-ligament-bone, muscle-tendon-bone, and cartilage-bone regeneration.

Main Results:

Bioinspired scaffold designs aim to mimic the structural and compositional inhomogeneity of native tissues.
Strategic biomimicry offers a method to define essential matrix characteristics for effective scaffold design, avoiding over-engineering.
The review discusses the application of these strategies for common musculoskeletal tissue units.

Conclusions:

Effective regenerative engineering of complex musculoskeletal tissues requires addressing tissue-tissue interfaces and achieving functional integration.
Biomimicry provides a framework for designing advanced scaffolds that promote integrative and functional repair of soft tissue injuries.
This approach lays the groundwork for developing composite tissue systems and potentially regenerating entire limbs or joints.